克鲁泡特金，俄国地理学家、无政府主义运动的z高精神领袖和理论家，“无政府共产主义”的创始人。

导读

Preface to the 1914 Edition

Introduction

Chapter 1 Mutual Aid Among Animals

Chapter 2 Mutual Aid Among Animals (continued)

Chapter 3 Mutual Aid Among Savages

Chapter 4 Mutual Aid Among the Barbarians

Chapter 5 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City

Chapter 6 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City (continued)

Chapter 7 Mutual Aid AMongst Ourselves

Chapter 8 Mutual Aid AMongst Ourselves

Conclusion

Appendix A

I. Swarms of Butterflies, Dragon-flies, etc.

II. The Ants

III. Nesting Associations

IV. Sociability of Animals

V. Checks to Over-multiplication

VI. Adaptations to Avoid Competition

VII. The Origin of the Family

VIII. Destruction of Private Property on the Grave

IX. The "Undivided Family"

X. The Origin of the Guilds

XI. The Market and the Mediaeval City

XII. Mutual-aid Arrangements in the Villages of Netherlands at the Present Day